Historical sexual abuse — incest — unlawful sexual connection — sexual violation — indecent assault — Churchward v R [2011] NZCA 531 — Sentencing Act 2002, ss 7 and 8. Defendant sentenced to four years’ imprisonment on a charge of unlawful sexual connection, two years’ imprisonment on charges of sexual violation and nine months’ imprisonment on charges of sexual assault. The offending was historical and occurred against children when the defendant was himself a young person. Aggravating features were the breach of trust, vulnerability of victims and the impact the offending had on them. Discounts were given for the defendant’s guilty plea, difficult circumstances, otherwise good character, and age at the time of the offending (Churchward cited). **Note: names have been changed to comply with legal requirements.